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Ballads --- English --- England --- Texts --- Songs

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Songs --- English --- United States --- Texts

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More than 150 documents in Bactrian, the chief administrative language of pre-Islamic Afghanistan, have come to light during the last twenty-five years. These documents include letters, legal contracts, economic documents and a few Buddhist texts; many of them bear dates in the so-called “Bactrian era”, which is also known from a few inscriptions, such as the Tochi valley inscriptions in Pakistan, but whose starting-point is controversial. The Bactrian documents have the potential to transform our knowledge of the history of the region during the 4th to 8th centuries CE, a period for which we have few contemporary records, but before they can be fully exploited as historical sources it is necessary to establish their relative and absolute chronology. The present volume aims to fulfil this need. In Part 1 we consider the dated documents, discussing the nature of the Bactrian calendar and the epoch of the Bactrian era, and concluding with a conspectus in which all the attested dates are converted to Julian dates on the basis of the facts and arguments presented. In Part 2 we turn to the equally important undated documents, systematically weighing up all types of evidence, whether historical, prosopographical, palaeographical, linguistic or orthographic, which may have a bearing on their dating. Part 3 provides a handy check-list of our conclusions, while the Appendices provide additional and supporting material including editions of the Tochi valley inscriptions and of a Pahlavi letter which was purchased together with the Bactrian documents.This book will be required reading for scholars and students of the pre-Islamic and early Islamic history of Iran, Afghanistan and Central Asia. It will also be a useful resource for those interested in the languages, religions and numismatics of the region.

Bactrian language --- Texts --- Dating --- Afghanistan --- History --- Bactrian language - Texts --- Bactrian language - Texts - Dating --- Afghanistan - History - Sources

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This small book combines quotes (words) with printmaking (visuals) to create impressions which have inspired each other. Quotes stimulate, excite, motivate. Words that are well-crafted leave lasting impressions. They touch an emotional pulse point in our soul. Quotes add clarity of thought when one can't find expression. A quote can help to see light when all seems dark and gives an extra burst of hope and courage to persevere. Printmaking is a multi-process artististic endeavour to create a visual impressions on paper. It begins with the spark of inspiration to transfer to a print plate, inking with thoughtful palette, combining plate and paper on a printing press, and finally the excitement and surprise when pulling the print. 

"Quotable Impressions" are created with a non-toxic method of hand-drawn open bite polymer solar plates that are etched in the sun. Metamorphosis, season changes, ocean tides, and shifting sands inspire over and over as these discoveries are re-shape with beauty and dignity. Visual and literary arts are always being defined and re-defined with the development of new avenues for expression.

Graphic arts --- quotations [texts] --- graphic arts

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The ongoing digitisation of the literary papyri (and related technical texts like the medical papyri) is leading to new thoughts on the concept and shape of the "digital critical edition" of ancient documents. First of all, there is the need of representing any textual and paratextual feature as much as possible, and of encoding them in a semantic markup that is very different from a traditional critical edition, based on the mere display of information. Moreover, several new tools allow us to reconsider not only the linguistic dimension of the ancient texts (from exploiting the potentialities of linguistic annotation to a full consideration of language variation as a key to socio-cultural analysis), but also the very concept of philological variation (replacing the mono-authorial view of an reconstructed archetype with a dynamic multitextual model closer to the fluid aspect of the textual transmission). The contributors, experts in the application of digital strategies to the papyrological research, face these issues from their own viewpoints, not without glimpses on parallel fields like Egyptology and Near Eastern studies. The result is a new, original and cross-disciplinary overview of a key issue in the digital humanities.

E-books --- Classical texts --- Digital papyrology. --- digital classics. --- digital edition of ancient documents. --- digital humanities.